Member Since: 1986
Member Offices: Guelph, Kuala Lumpur, London, Miami, Milan, Milton Keynes, Shanghai, Singapore, Thiruvananthapuram
Website: http://www.rwdi.com/
RWDI is a leading climate and performance engineering firm that has helped tackle complex challenges in the built environment for over 50 years. Climate changes everything, from the way we plan and build, to how we measure success. We are leading the way to a resilient and sustainable future by helping architects, developers and building owners create high-performance, climate-positive buildings. From commercial and residential buildings, hospitality and entertainment, sports, and recreation, to supertall buildings, we help ensure projects fit within their climate. Drawing on our extensive experience, we apply decades of knowledge to make the built environment safe, hospitable, and sustainable.
Engineering, Other; Environmental Engineering; Wind Engineering
Please note that all heights shown in italics/red are estimated heights. These have been calculated based on known floor counts for the building, then extrapolated through analyzing typically hundreds of buildings of the same function on this database that do have confirmed heights. The user should be aware that non-standard building features, such as significant spires or raised entrances / podiums, may affect the accuracy of these estimations.
RANK
|
Name
|
Status
Completed Architecturally Topped Out Structurally Topped Out Under Construction On Hold Proposed Vision Never Completed Demolished Competition Entry Canceled Proposed Renovation Under Renovation Renovated Under Demolition |
Height
|
---|---|---|---|
1 | Burj Khalifa | 828 m / 2,717 ft | |
2 | Merdeka 118 | 678.9 m / 2,227 ft | |
3 | Shanghai Tower | 632 m / 2,073 ft | |
4 | Ping An Finance Center | 599.1 m / 1,965 ft | |
5 | Lotte World Tower | 554.5 m / 1,819 ft | |
6 | Triumph Tower | 544 m / 1,785 ft | |
7 | One World Trade Center | 541.3 m / 1,776 ft | |
8 | Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre | 530 m / 1,739 ft | |
9 | CITIC Tower | 527.7 m / 1,731 ft | |
10 | TAIPEI 101 | 508 m / 1,667 ft |
CTBUH Canada Chapter, 2013 – Present
CTBUH Expert Chinese Translation Committee, 2014 – Present
CTBUH Working Group: MEP, 2018 – Present
24 May 2022
Hybrid Timber Tower, Toronto: Achieving 105 Stories & Long Spans Via Steel Cables and Cages
The Hybrid Timber Floor System (HTFS) designed for this project uses post-tensioning cables and steel cages encased in a concrete band and recessed into a...
05 July 2023
Building Re-Use as Re-Envision: New Life for an Outdated Edifice
The renovation of 633 Folsom Street in San Francisco demonstrates the great potential in creatively re-imagining mid-century office buildings. In lieu of assuming eventual demolition...
28 November 2023
Hamilton Waterfront Development Approved
On 23 November, Waterfront Shores Corporation announced that development plans for Block 16 and the Pier 8 community had been approved by the Hamilton City...
Please note that all heights shown in italics/red are estimated heights. These have been calculated based on known floor counts for the building, then extrapolated through analyzing typically hundreds of buildings of the same function on this database that do have confirmed heights. The user should be aware that non-standard building features, such as significant spires or raised entrances / podiums, may affect the accuracy of these estimations.
RANK
|
Name
|
Completion
|
Height
|
Floors
|
Function
|
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Sky Mile Tower | Tokyo | - |
1,700 m / 5,577 ft |
N/A | Residential |
2 | Jeddah Tower | Jeddah | - |
1,000 m / 3,281 ft |
167 | Residential / Serviced Apartments |
3 | Burj Khalifa | Dubai | 2010 |
828 m / 2,717 ft |
163 | Office / Residential / Hotel |
4 | Merdeka 118 | Kuala Lumpur | 2023 |
679 m / 2,227 ft |
118 | Hotel / Serviced Apartments / Office |
5 | Ping An Finance Center | Shenzhen | - |
660 m / 2,165 ft |
115 | Office |
6 | Wuhan Greenland Center | Wuhan | - |
636 m / 2,087 ft |
126 | Hotel / Residential / Office |
7 | Shanghai Tower | Shanghai | 2015 |
632 m / 2,073 ft |
128 | Hotel / Office |
8 | Triple One | Seoul | - |
620 m / 2,034 ft |
112 | Office |
9 | Chicago Spire | Chicago | - |
610 m / 2,000 ft |
150 | Residential |
10 | Miglin-Beitler Skyneedle | Chicago | - |
609 m / 2,000 ft |
125 | Multiple |
11 | Ping An Finance Center | Shenzhen | 2017 |
599 m / 1,965 ft |
115 | Office |
12 | Lotte World Tower | Seoul | 2017 |
555 m / 1,819 ft |
123 | Hotel / Residential / Office / Retail |
13 | Triumph Tower | Balneário Camboriú | - |
544 m / 1,785 ft |
135 | Residential |
14 | One World Trade Center | New York City | 2014 |
541 m / 1,776 ft |
94 | Office |
15 | Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre | Guangzhou | 2016 |
530 m / 1,739 ft |
111 | Hotel / Residential / Office |
16 | CITIC Tower | Beijing | 2018 |
528 m / 1,731 ft |
109 | Office |
17 | Nina Tower | Hong Kong | - |
518 m / 1,699 ft |
108 | Office |
18 | Dalian Greenland Center | Dalian | - |
518 m / 1,699 ft |
88 | Hotel / Residential / Office |
19 | Busan Lotte Town Tower | Busan | - |
510 m / 1,674 ft |
107 | Residential / Hotel / Office |
20 | TAIPEI 101 | Taipei | 2004 |
508 m / 1,667 ft |
101 | Office |
21 | Federation Tower Spire | Moscow | - |
506 m / 1,660 ft |
N/A | Observation |
22 | Greenland Jinmao International Financial Center | Nanjing | - |
500 m / 1,640 ft |
102 | Hotel / Office |
23 | Tianfu Center | Chengdu | 2026 |
489 m / 1,604 ft |
95 | Office / Exhibition |
24 | International Commerce Centre | Hong Kong | 2010 |
484 m / 1,588 ft |
108 | Hotel / Office |
25 | 7 South Dearborn | Chicago | - |
478 m / 1,567 ft |
112 | Residential / Office |
26 | Wuhan Greenland Center | Wuhan | 2023 |
476 m / 1,560 ft |
101 | Hotel / Serviced Apartments / Office |
27 | Chengdu Greenland Tower | Chengdu | - |
468 m / 1,535 ft |
101 | Hotel / Office |
28 | R&F Guangdong Building | Tianjin | - |
468 m / 1,535 ft |
91 | Residential / Hotel / Office |
29 | Lakhta Center | St. Petersburg | 2019 |
462 m / 1,516 ft |
87 | Office |
30 | Vincom Landmark 81 | Ho Chi Minh City | 2018 |
461 m / 1,513 ft |
81 | Hotel / Residential |
31 | The Exchange 106 | Kuala Lumpur | 2019 |
454 m / 1,488 ft |
95 | Office |
32 | Petronas Twin Tower 1 | Kuala Lumpur | 1998 |
452 m / 1,483 ft |
88 | Office |
32 | Petronas Twin Tower 2 | Kuala Lumpur | 1998 |
452 m / 1,483 ft |
88 | Office |
34 | Suzhou IFS | Suzhou | 2019 |
450 m / 1,476 ft |
95 | Hotel / Office / Serviced Apartments |
35 | Dancing Dragon Tower 1 | Seoul | - |
446 m / 1,463 ft |
88 | Residential / Hotel / Office |
36 | Nanning China Resources Tower | Nanning | - |
445 m / 1,460 ft |
94 | Hotel / Office |
37 | Hybrid Timber Tower | Toronto | - |
444 m / 1,455 ft |
103 | Residential / Hotel / Office |
38 | Wuhan Tower | Wuhan | 2019 |
443 m / 1,454 ft |
88 | Hotel / Residential / Office |
39 | World One | Mumbai | - |
442 m / 1,450 ft |
117 | Residential |
40 | 111 West 57th Street | New York City | 2021 |
435 m / 1,428 ft |
84 | Residential |
41 | Multifunctional Highrise Complex - Akhmat Tower | Groznyj | - |
435 m / 1,427 ft |
102 | Residential / Office |
42 | Haikou Tower 1 | Haikou | 2027 |
428 m / 1,404 ft |
94 | Hotel / Residential / Office |
43 | Greenland Shandong International Financial Center | Jinan | 2024 |
428 m / 1,404 ft |
88 | Hotel / SOHO / Office |
44 | One Vanderbilt Avenue | New York City | 2020 |
427 m / 1,401 ft |
62 | Office |
45 | 432 Park Avenue | New York City | 2015 |
426 m / 1,397 ft |
85 | Residential |
46 | Trump International Hotel & Tower | Chicago | 2009 |
423 m / 1,389 ft |
98 | Residential / Hotel |
47 | Nanjing Olympic Suning Tower | Nanjing | 2025 |
420 m / 1,377 ft |
99 | Residential / Hotel / Office |
48 | Princess Tower | Dubai | 2012 |
413 m / 1,356 ft |
101 | Residential |
49 | Two International Finance Centre | Hong Kong | 2003 |
412 m / 1,352 ft |
88 | Office |
50 | One Tower | Moscow | 2025 |
405 m / 1,330 ft |
108 | Residential / Office |
51 | Guangxi China Resources Tower | Nanning | 2020 |
403 m / 1,321 ft |
86 | Hotel / Office |
52 | Guiyang International Financial Center T1 | Guiyang | 2020 |
401 m / 1,316 ft |
79 | Hotel / Office |
53 | 23 Marina | Dubai | 2012 |
392 m / 1,287 ft |
88 | Residential |
54 | CITYMARK CENTRE | Shenzhen | 2022 |
388 m / 1,274 ft |
70 | Residential / Office |
55 | 30 Hudson Yards | New York City | 2019 |
387 m / 1,270 ft |
73 | Office |
56 | Block H | Seoul | - |
386 m / 1,266 ft |
73 | Residential / Hotel |
57 | Tour F | Abidjan | - |
386 m / 1,266 ft |
64 | Office |
58 | London Millennium Tower | London | - |
386 m / 1,265 ft |
92 | Residential / Hotel / Office |
59 | PIF Tower | Riyadh | 2021 |
385 m / 1,263 ft |
72 | Office |
60 | Shun Hing Square | Shenzhen | 1996 |
384 m / 1,260 ft |
69 | Office |
61 | Autograph Tower | Jakarta | 2022 |
383 m / 1,256 ft |
75 | Hotel / Office |
62 | Plaza Rakyat Office Tower | Kuala Lumpur | - |
382 m / 1,253 ft |
77 | Office |
63 | Burj Mohammed Bin Rashid | Abu Dhabi | 2014 |
381 m / 1,251 ft |
88 | Residential |
64 | Dancing Dragon Tower 2 | Seoul | - |
378 m / 1,240 ft |
77 | Office |
65 | CC3 | Toronto | 2026 |
377 m / 1,236 ft |
64 | Office |
66 | Federation Tower | Moscow | 2016 |
374 m / 1,226 ft |
93 | Residential / Office |
67 | The Address Boulevard | Dubai | 2017 |
370 m / 1,214 ft |
73 | Residential / Hotel / Retail |
68 | Çamlıca Radio & TV Tower | Istanbul | 2020 |
369 m / 1,211 ft |
50 | Telecommunications / Observation |
69 | Qingdao Hai Tian Center | Qingdao | 2021 |
369 m / 1,210 ft |
73 | Hotel / Office |
70 | The St. Regis Chicago | Chicago | 2020 |
363 m / 1,191 ft |
101 | Residential / Hotel |
71 | Almas Tower | Dubai | 2008 |
360 m / 1,181 ft |
68 | Office |
72 | Hanking Center | Shenzhen | 2018 |
359 m / 1,177 ft |
65 | Office |
73 | Greenland Group Suzhou Center | Suzhou | 2024 |
358 m / 1,175 ft |
77 | Hotel / Office |
74 | STH BNK by Beulah Tower 1 | Melbourne | 2028 |
356 m / 1,169 ft |
102 | Residential |
75 | Raffles City Chongqing T3N | Chongqing | 2019 |
354 m / 1,163 ft |
79 | Residential / Retail |
76 | Raffles City Chongqing T4N | Chongqing | 2019 |
354 m / 1,163 ft |
74 | Hotel / Office / Retail |
77 | OKO - Residential Tower | Moscow | 2015 |
354 m / 1,162 ft |
90 | Residential / Serviced Apartments / Hotel |
78 | Forum 66 Tower 1 | Shenyang | 2015 |
351 m / 1,150 ft |
68 | Hotel / Office |
79 | Diagonal Tower | Seoul | - |
343 m / 1,127 ft |
64 | Office |
80 | Four Seasons Place | Kuala Lumpur | 2018 |
343 m / 1,124 ft |
75 | Residential / Hotel |
81 | Sapphire Tower | Toronto | - |
341 m / 1,119 ft |
90 | Residential |
82 | Comcast Technology Center | Philadelphia | 2018 |
339 m / 1,112 ft |
59 | Hotel / Office |
83 | Mercury City Tower | Moscow | 2013 |
339 m / 1,112 ft |
75 | Residential / Office |
84 | Taipei Twin Tower 1 | Taipei | - |
337 m / 1,106 ft |
65 | Hotel / Office / Retail |
85 | Wilshire Grand Center | Los Angeles | 2017 |
335 m / 1,100 ft |
62 | Hotel / Office |
86 | DAMAC Heights | Dubai | 2018 |
335 m / 1,099 ft |
88 | Residential |
87 | Thamrin Nine Tower 1 | Jakarta | - |
334 m / 1,094 ft |
70 | Hotel / Office |
88 | SkyWalk Residence | Seoul | - |
333 m / 1,093 ft |
52 | Residential |
89 | China World Tower | Beijing | 2010 |
330 m / 1,083 ft |
74 | Hotel / Office |
90 | 3 World Trade Center | New York City | 2018 |
329 m / 1,079 ft |
69 | Office |
91 | Zhuhai Tower | Zhuhai | 2017 |
329 m / 1,079 ft |
66 | Hotel / Office |
92 | The One | Toronto | 2025 |
328 m / 1,077 ft |
91 | Residential / Hotel |
93 | Salesforce Tower | San Francisco | 2018 |
326 m / 1,070 ft |
61 | Office |
94 | The Brooklyn Tower | New York City | 2023 |
325 m / 1,066 ft |
74 | Residential |
95 | Nina Tower | Hong Kong | 2006 |
320 m / 1,051 ft |
80 | Hotel / Office |
96 | Palais Royale | Mumbai | - |
320 m / 1,050 ft |
88 | Residential |
97 | Hermitage Plaza South Tower | Courbevoie | - |
320 m / 1,050 ft |
86 | Residential / Hotel |
98 | Hermitage Plaza East Tower | Courbevoie | - |
320 m / 1,050 ft |
85 | Residential / Office |
99 | Signature Tower | Nashville | - |
320 m / 1,050 ft |
77 | Residential / Hotel |
100 | Sinar Mas Center 1 | Shanghai | 2017 |
320 m / 1,050 ft |
65 | Office |
101 | Bestseller Tower | Brande | - |
320 m / 1,050 ft |
44 | Hotel / Office / Retail |
102 | Waterview Tower | Chicago | - |
319 m / 1,047 ft |
89 | Residential / Hotel |
103 | Yongsan IBD Pentominium 1 | Seoul | - |
319 m / 1,047 ft |
59 | Residential |
103 | Yongsan IBD Pentominium 2 | Seoul | - |
319 m / 1,047 ft |
59 | Residential |
105 | New York Times Tower | New York City | 2007 |
319 m / 1,046 ft |
52 | Office |
106 | Agaoglu Tower 1 | Istanbul | - |
315 m / 1,033 ft |
76 | Residential / Hotel / Office |
107 | The Spiral | New York City | 2022 |
314 m / 1,030 ft |
65 | Office |
108 | Abu Dhabi Plaza | Astana | 2022 |
311 m / 1,020 ft |
75 | Residential / Office |
109 | Ocean Heights | Dubai | 2010 |
310 m / 1,017 ft |
83 | Residential |
110 | Menara TM | Kuala Lumpur | 2001 |
310 m / 1,017 ft |
55 | Office |
111 | Pearl River Tower | Guangzhou | 2013 |
310 m / 1,016 ft |
71 | Office |
112 | Lokhandwala Minerva | Mumbai | - |
307 m / 1,007 ft |
83 | Residential |
113 | The Shard | London | 2013 |
306 m / 1,004 ft |
73 | Residential / Hotel / Office |
114 | Northeast Asia Trade Tower | Incheon | 2011 |
305 m / 1,001 ft |
68 | Residential / Hotel / Office |
115 | Shining Tower | Taichung | - |
304 m / 997 ft |
60 | Hotel / Office / Retail |
116 | One Manhattan West | New York City | 2019 |
304 m / 996 ft |
67 | Office |
117 | Jiangxi Nanchang Greenland Central Plaza, Parcel A | Nanchang | 2015 |
303 m / 994 ft |
59 | Office |
117 | Jiangxi Nanchang Greenland Central Plaza, Parcel B | Nanchang | 2015 |
303 m / 994 ft |
59 | Office |
119 | Merkez Ankara Office Tower | Ankara | - |
301 m / 988 ft |
66 | Office |
120 | Greenland Center North Tower | Yinchuan | - |
301 m / 988 ft |
58 | Hotel / Office |
121 | Lokhandwala Minerva | Mumbai | 2023 |
301 m / 986 ft |
78 | Residential |
122 | Torre Costanera | Santiago | 2014 |
300 m / 984 ft |
62 | Office |
123 | The Cloud Tower 1 | Seoul | - |
300 m / 984 ft |
60 | Residential |
124 | 50 Hudson Yards | New York City | 2022 |
299 m / 981 ft |
58 | Office |
125 | Comcast Center | Philadelphia | 2008 |
297 m / 974 ft |
57 | Office |
126 | Union Centre | Toronto | - |
295 m / 968 ft |
54 | Office |
127 | Millennium Hotel | Dubai | 2011 |
294 m / 965 ft |
66 | Hotel |
128 | The Blade | Seoul | - |
293 m / 960 ft |
56 | Office |
129 | Haeundae I Park Marina Tower 2 | Busan | 2011 |
292 m / 958 ft |
72 | Residential |
130 | 220 Central Park South | New York City | 2019 |
290 m / 950 ft |
65 | Residential |
131 | Plaza 66 | Shanghai | 2001 |
288 m / 945 ft |
66 | Office |
132 | Guoco Tower | Singapore | 2016 |
284 m / 931 ft |
65 | Residential / Office |
133 | Grand Tower | Moscow | 2024 |
283 m / 928 ft |
62 | Office |
134 | World One | Mumbai | 2020 |
280 m / 919 ft |
76 | Residential |
135 | Zhengzhou Greenland Plaza | Zhengzhou | 2014 |
280 m / 919 ft |
56 | Hotel / Office |
136 | Taipei Twin Tower 2 | Taipei | - |
280 m / 919 ft |
53 | Hotel / Office / Retail |
137 | Torre KOI | San Pedro Garza GarcÃa | 2017 |
279 m / 916 ft |
65 | Residential / Office |
138 | ICD Brookfield Place | Dubai | 2020 |
279 m / 916 ft |
54 | Office |
139 | 15 Hudson Yards | New York City | 2019 |
279 m / 914 ft |
70 | Residential |
140 | 22 Bishopsgate | London | 2020 |
278 m / 913 ft |
62 | Office |
141 | The St. Regis Toronto | Toronto | 2012 |
277 m / 908 ft |
63 | Residential / Hotel |
142 | Baku Tower | Baku | 2023 |
276 m / 906 ft |
49 | Office |
143 | Scotia Tower | Toronto | 1988 |
275 m / 902 ft |
68 | Office |
144 | Guiyang International Financial Center T2 | Guiyang | 2020 |
275 m / 902 ft |
54 | Office |
145 | Bahria Town ICON | Karachi | 2023 |
273 m / 896 ft |
62 | Residential / Hotel / Office |
146 | Haeundae I Park Marina Tower 1 | Busan | 2011 |
273 m / 895 ft |
66 | Residential |
147 | Aura at College Park | Toronto | 2014 |
272 m / 892 ft |
78 | Residential |
148 | Taipei Nanshan Plaza | Taipei | 2018 |
271 m / 891 ft |
46 | Office |
149 | One Barangaroo | Sydney | 2020 |
271 m / 890 ft |
71 | Residential / Hotel |
150 | 505 George Street | Sydney | 2028 |
270 m / 887 ft |
80 | Residential / Hotel |
151 | 55 Bishopsgate | London | - |
269 m / 881 ft |
63 | Office |
152 | DAMAC Paramount Hotel & Residences | Dubai | 2018 |
268 m / 879 ft |
69 | Residential / Hotel |
152 | DAMAC Towers by Paramount, Tower 1 | Dubai | 2018 |
268 m / 879 ft |
69 | Residential |
152 | DAMAC Towers By Paramount, Tower 2 | Dubai | 2018 |
268 m / 879 ft |
69 | Residential |
152 | DAMAC Towers by Paramount, Tower 3 | Dubai | 2018 |
268 m / 879 ft |
69 | Residential |
156 | Nation Towers Residential Lofts | Abu Dhabi | 2012 |
268 m / 879 ft |
64 | Residential |
157 | Diamond of Istanbul | Istanbul | - |
268 m / 879 ft |
53 | Residential / Hotel / Office |
158 | Jiangxi Nanchang Greenland Zifeng Tower | Nanchang | 2015 |
268 m / 879 ft |
56 | Hotel / Office |
159 | 10 Hudson Yards | New York City | 2016 |
268 m / 878 ft |
52 | Office / Retail |
160 | Capital Tower 1 | Moscow | 2023 |
267 m / 876 ft |
61 | Residential |
160 | Capital Tower 2 | Moscow | 2023 |
267 m / 876 ft |
61 | Residential |
162 | 23 Toronto Street | Toronto | 2028 |
267 m / 875 ft |
81 | Residential |
163 | Nest One | Tashkent | 2023 |
267 m / 874 ft |
51 | Residential / Office |
164 | Torre Mitikah | Mexico City | 2022 |
266 m / 872 ft |
66 | Residential |
165 | Eight Spruce Street | New York City | 2011 |
265 m / 870 ft |
76 | Residential |
166 | Energy Tower at City Center | Midland | - |
265 m / 869 ft |
53 | Office / Residential / Hotel |
167 | The Address Residence Sky View Tower 1 | Dubai | 2019 |
264 m / 867 ft |
60 | Residential |
168 | Trump World Tower | New York City | 2001 |
262 m / 861 ft |
72 | Residential |
169 | Nathani Heights | Mumbai | 2020 |
262 m / 858 ft |
72 | Residential |
170 | Three Sixty West Tower B | Mumbai | 2023 |
260 m / 853 ft |
66 | Residential |
171 | Beijing Greenland Center | Beijing | 2016 |
260 m / 853 ft |
55 | Residential / Office |
172 | The Cloud Tower 2 | Seoul | - |
260 m / 853 ft |
54 | Residential |
173 | Commerzbank Tower | Frankfurt am Main | 1997 |
259 m / 850 ft |
56 | Office |
174 | FIVE Beach | Dubai |