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Height is measured from the level of the lowest, significant, open-air, pedestrian entrance to the highest point of the building, irrespective of material or function of the highest element (i.e., including antennae, flagpoles, signage and other functional-technical equipment).
Height is measured from the level of the lowest, significant, open-air, pedestrian entrance to the architectural top of the building, including spires, but not including antennae, signage, flag poles or other functional-technical equipment. This measurement is the most widely utilized and is employed to define the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH) rankings of the "World's Tallest Buildings."
Height is measured from the level of the lowest, significant, open-air, pedestrian entrance to the highest occupied floor within the building.
The number of floors above ground should include the ground floor level and be the number of main floors above ground, including any significant mezzanine floors and major mechanical plant floors. Mechanical mezzanines should not be included if they have a significantly smaller floor area than the major floors below. Similarly, mechanical penthouses or plant rooms protruding above the general roof area should not be counted. Note: CTBUH floor counts may differ from published accounts, as it is common in some regions of the world for certain floor levels not to be included (e.g., the level 4, 14, 24, etc. in Hong Kong).
The number of floors below ground should include all major floors located below the ground floor level.
The Center
Building
Completed
1998
office
steel
346 m / 1,135 ft
73
3
400
41
12 m/s
130,032 m² / 1,399,653 ft²
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You must be a CTBUH Member to view this resource.
Construction Start
Completed
The Design Engineer is usually involved in the front end design, typically taking the leadership role in the Schematic Design and Design Development, and then a monitoring role through the CD and CA phases.
The Design Engineer is usually involved in the front end design, typically taking the leadership role in the Schematic Design and Design Development, and then a monitoring role through the CD and CA phases.
Other Consultant refers to other organizations which provided significant consultation services for a building project (e.g. wind consultants, environmental consultants, fire and life safety consultants, etc).
Material Supplier refers to organizations which supplied significant systems/materials for a building project (e.g. elevator suppliers, facade suppliers, etc).
You must be a CTBUH Member to view this resource.
Usually involved in the front end design, with a "typical" condition being that of a leadership role through either Schematic Design or Design Development, and then a monitoring role through the CD and CA phases.
The Design Engineer is usually involved in the front end design, typically taking the leadership role in the Schematic Design and Design Development, and then a monitoring role through the CD and CA phases.
The Design Engineer is usually involved in the front end design, typically taking the leadership role in the Schematic Design and Design Development, and then a monitoring role through the CD and CA phases.
The main contractor is the supervisory contractor of all construction work on a project, management of sub-contractors and vendors, etc. May be referred to as "Construction Manager," however, for consistency CTBUH uses the term "Main Contractor" exclusively.
Other Consultant refers to other organizations which provided significant consultation services for a building project (e.g. wind consultants, environmental consultants, fire and life safety consultants, etc).
Material Supplier refers to organizations which supplied significant systems/materials for a building project (e.g. elevator suppliers, facade suppliers, etc).
Top Company Rankings: The World’s 100 Tallest Buildings
13 October 2016 - CTBUH Research
20 October 2016 | Hong Kong
Thursday October 20, 2016. Hong Kong, China. Eric Ma of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region presents at the 2016 China Conference Plenary 6: Hong Kong...
10 October 2004
Learning from the Past - Tall Buildings and the Evolution of Old Cities
Dennis Lau Wing-Kwong & Alexander Lush, Dennis Lau & Ng Chun Man Architects & Engineers
The paper draws attention to the similarities of the impact of high-rise structures upon historical cities with past new development and re-development, particularly with respect...
The Center is a 73-story office building in the old Central District of Hong Kong. The project was one the first large urban renewal developments undertaken through the agency of the Land Development Corporation (now known as the Urban Renewal Authority) working in collaboration with private sector property developers. The tower symbolizes the dramatic renaissance of the neighborhood brought about by the new development.
An irregularly shaped building site precluded the construction of a conventional rectangular building, but allowed for many entrances enhancing pedestrian accessibility, and created novel open spaces for public use. The challenge presented by the building site was met with the elegant solution of an eight-pointed star-shaped building plan, generated by offsetting two squares by 45-degrees. This unique design allows more daylight to flood the extensive perimeter of the building than would be offered by a similarly sized building with a rectangular floor plate.
The structure is made entirely from steel, with no reinforced concrete core, and is clad with a curtain wall of silver reflective glass. Most notably, the building is encased in low-voltage neon bars that increase in number along its height. A uniquely shaped spire adds a special touch to the form of the building.
There are numerous outdoor spaces and entrances to the site, ranging from small gardens to a formal entrance plaza in the front. The tower superstructure and gallery of shops are both elevated above ground to open up more space around the building. Bamboo, reaching the height of three stories, elevated planter boxes, and banners all frame the public open spaces, creating a green oasis in the heart of a dense urban area. In the Central District in particular, with its very compact layout, the transformation of the pedestrian environment achieved by The Center is dramatic.
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