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Height rank
Lakhta Center
St. Petersburg
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- CTBUH Drawing
- Facts
-
Metrics
You must be a CTBUH Member to view this resource.
Height
1
To Tip:
Height is measured from the level of the lowest, significant, open-air, pedestrian entrance to the highest point of the building, irrespective of material or function of the highest element (i.e., including antennae, flagpoles, signage and other functional-technical equipment).
462 m
/ 1,516 ft
2
Architectural:
Height is measured from the level of the lowest, significant, open-air, pedestrian entrance to the architectural top of the building, including spires, but not including antennae, signage, flag poles or other functional-technical equipment. This measurement is the most widely utilized and is employed to define the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH) rankings of the "World's Tallest Buildings."
462 m
/ 1,516 ft
3
Occupied:
Height is measured from the level of the lowest, significant, open-air, pedestrian entrance to the highest occupied floor within the building.
357 m / 1,171 ft
Floors
Above Ground
The number of floors above ground should include the ground floor level and be the number of main floors above ground, including any significant mezzanine floors and major mechanical plant floors. Mechanical mezzanines should not be included if they have a significantly smaller floor area than the major floors below. Similarly, mechanical penthouses or plant rooms protruding above the general roof area should not be counted. Note: CTBUH floor counts may differ from published accounts, as it is common in some regions of the world for certain floor levels not to be included (e.g., the level 4, 14, 24, etc. in Hong Kong).
87
Below Ground
The number of floors below ground should include all major floors located below the ground floor level.
3
1
2
3
Height
462 m
/ 1,516 ft
Floors
87
Official Name
The current legal building name.
Lakhta Center
Other Names
Other names the building has commonly been known as, including former names, common informal names,
local names, etc.
Gazprom Tower
Type
CTBUH collects data on two major types of tall structures: 'Buildings' and 'Telecommunications /
Observation Towers.' A 'Building' is a structure where at least 50% of the height is occupied by usable
floor area. A 'Telecommunications / Observation Tower' is a structure where less than 50% of the
structure's height is occupied by usable floor area. Only 'Buildings' are eligible for the CTBUH
'Tallest Buildings' lists.
Building
Status
Completed
Architecturally Topped Out
Structurally Topped Out
Under Construction
Proposed
On Hold
Never Completed
Vision
Competition Entry
Canceled
Proposed Renovation
Under Renovation
Renovated
Under Demolition
Demolished
Completed
Completion
2019
Country
The CTBUH follows the United Nations's definition of Country, and thus
uses the lists and codes established by that organization.
City
The CTBUH follows the United Nations's definition of City, and thus uses the
lists and codes established by that organization.
Address
Function
A single-function tall building is defined as one where 85% or more of its usable floor area is
dedicated to a single usage. Thus a building with 90% office floor area would be said to be an
"office" building, irrespective of other minor functions it may also contain.
A mixed-use tall building contains two or more functions (or uses), where each of the functions occupy a significant proportion of the tower's total space. Support areas such as car parks and mechanical plant space do not constitute mixed-use functions. Functions are denoted on CTBUH "Tallest Building" lists in descending order, e.g., "hotel/office" indicates hotel function above office function.
A mixed-use tall building contains two or more functions (or uses), where each of the functions occupy a significant proportion of the tower's total space. Support areas such as car parks and mechanical plant space do not constitute mixed-use functions. Functions are denoted on CTBUH "Tallest Building" lists in descending order, e.g., "hotel/office" indicates hotel function above office function.
Office
Structural Material
All-Steel
Both the main vertical/lateral structural elements and the floor spanning systems are constructed from steel. Note that a building of steel construction with a floor system of concrete planks or concrete slab on top of steel beams is still considered an “all-steel” structure as the concrete elements are not acting as the primary structure.
All-Concrete
Both the main vertical/lateral structural elements and the floor spanning systems are constructed from concrete which has been cast in place and utilizes steel reinforcement bars and/or steel reinforced concrete which has been precast as individual components and assembled together on-site.
All-Timber
Both the main vertical/lateral structural elements and the floor spanning systems are constructed from timber. An all-timber structure may include the use of localized non-timber connections between timber elements. Note that a building of timber construction with a floor system of concrete planks or concrete slab on top of timber beams is still considered an “all-timber” structure as the concrete elements are not acting as the primary structure.
Mixed-Structure
Utilizes distinct systems (e.g. all-steel, all-concrete, all-timber), one on top of the other. For example, a Steel Over Concrete indicates an all-steel structural system located on top of an all-concrete structural system, with the opposite true of Concrete Over Steel.
Composite
A combination of materials (e.g. steel, concrete, timber) are used together in the main structural elements. Examples include buildings which utilize: steel columns with a floor system of reinforced concrete beams; a steel frame system with a concrete core; concrete-encased steel columns; concrete-filled steel tubes; etc. Where known, the CTBUH database breaks out the materials used within a composite building’s primary structural elements.
Both the main vertical/lateral structural elements and the floor spanning systems are constructed from steel. Note that a building of steel construction with a floor system of concrete planks or concrete slab on top of steel beams is still considered an “all-steel” structure as the concrete elements are not acting as the primary structure.
All-Concrete
Both the main vertical/lateral structural elements and the floor spanning systems are constructed from concrete which has been cast in place and utilizes steel reinforcement bars and/or steel reinforced concrete which has been precast as individual components and assembled together on-site.
All-Timber
Both the main vertical/lateral structural elements and the floor spanning systems are constructed from timber. An all-timber structure may include the use of localized non-timber connections between timber elements. Note that a building of timber construction with a floor system of concrete planks or concrete slab on top of timber beams is still considered an “all-timber” structure as the concrete elements are not acting as the primary structure.
Mixed-Structure
Utilizes distinct systems (e.g. all-steel, all-concrete, all-timber), one on top of the other. For example, a Steel Over Concrete indicates an all-steel structural system located on top of an all-concrete structural system, with the opposite true of Concrete Over Steel.
Composite
A combination of materials (e.g. steel, concrete, timber) are used together in the main structural elements. Examples include buildings which utilize: steel columns with a floor system of reinforced concrete beams; a steel frame system with a concrete core; concrete-encased steel columns; concrete-filled steel tubes; etc. Where known, the CTBUH database breaks out the materials used within a composite building’s primary structural elements.
Concrete-Steel Composite
Energy Label
LEED Platinum
Official Website
Height
Architectural
Height is measured from the level of the lowest, significant, open-air, pedestrian entrance to
the architectural top of the building, including spires, but not including antennae, signage,
flag poles or other functional-technical equipment. This measurement is the most widely utilized
and is employed to define the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH) rankings of
the "World's Tallest Buildings."
462 m / 1,516 ft
To Tip
Height is measured from the level of the lowest, significant, open-air, pedestrian entrance to
the highest point of the building, irrespective of material or function of the highest element
(i.e., including antennae, flagpoles, signage and other functional-technical equipment).
462 m
/ 1,516 ft
Occupied
Height is measured from the level of the lowest, significant, open-air, pedestrian entrance to
the highest occupied floor within the building.
357 m
/ 1,171 ft
Observatory
357 m
/ 1,171 ft
Floors Above Ground
The number of floors above ground should include the ground floor level and be the number of main
floors above ground, including any significant mezzanine floors and major mechanical plant floors.
Mechanical mezzanines should not be included if they have a significantly smaller floor area than
the major floors below. Similarly, mechanical penthouses or plant rooms protruding above the general
roof area should not be counted. Note: CTBUH floor counts may differ from published accounts, as it
is common in some regions of the world for certain floor levels not to be included (e.g., the level
4, 14, 24, etc. in Hong Kong).
87
Floors Below Ground
The number of floors below ground should include all major floors located below the ground floor
level.
3
# of Parking Spaces
Number of Parking Spaces refers to the total number of car parking spaces contained within a
particular building.
1935
# of Elevators
Number of Elevators refers to the total number of elevator cars (not shafts) contained within a
particular building (including public, private and freight elevators).
40
Top Elevator Speed
Top Elevator Speed refers to the top speed capable of being achieved by an elevator within a
particular building, measured in meters per second.
8.3 m/s
Tower GFA
Tower GFA refers to the total gross floor area within the tower footprint, not including adjoining
podiums, connected buildings or other towers within the development.
143,400 m² / 1,543,545 ft²
Rankings
-
By function
You must be a CTBUH Member to view this resource.
-
By material
You must be a CTBUH Member to view this resource.
#
14
Tallest in the World
#
1
Tallest in
Europe
#
1
Tallest in
Russia
#
1
Tallest in
St. Petersburg
Construction Schedule
2011
Proposed
2012
Construction Start
2019
Completed
Architect
Concept
Design
Usually involved in the front end design, with a "typical" condition being that of a leadership role through either Schematic Design or Design Development, and then a monitoring role through the CD and CA phases.
Structural Engineer
Design
The Design Engineer is usually involved in the front end design, typically taking the leadership role in the Schematic Design and Design Development, and then a monitoring role through the CD and CA phases.
Peer Review
The Peer Review Engineer traditionally comments on the information produced by another party, and to render second opinions, but not to initiate what the design looks like from the start.
MEP Engineer
Design
The Design Engineer is usually involved in the front end design, typically taking the leadership role in the Schematic Design and Design Development, and then a monitoring role through the CD and CA phases.
Peer Review
The Peer Review Engineer traditionally comments on the information produced by another party, and to render second opinions, but not to initiate what the design looks like from the start.
Project Manager
The CTBUH lists a project manager when a specific firm has been commissioned to oversee this aspect of a tall building’s design/construction. When the project management efforts are handled by the developer, main contract, or architect, this field will be omitted.
The CTBUH lists a project manager when a specific firm has been commissioned to oversee this aspect of a tall building’s design/construction. When the project management efforts are handled by the developer, main contract, or architect, this field will be omitted.
Other Consultant
Other Consultant refers to other organizations which provided significant consultation services for a building project (e.g. wind consultants, environmental consultants, fire and life safety consultants, etc).
Other Consultant refers to other organizations which provided significant consultation services for a building project (e.g. wind consultants, environmental consultants, fire and life safety consultants, etc).
Façade
These are firms that consult on the design of a building's façade. May often be referred to as "Cladding," "Envelope," "Exterior Wall," or "Curtain Wall" Consultant, however, for consistency CTBUH uses the term "Façade Consultant" exclusively.
Planning
Vertical Transportation
Wind
Material Supplier
Material Supplier refers to organizations which supplied significant systems/materials for a building project (e.g. elevator suppliers, facade suppliers, etc).
Material Supplier refers to organizations which supplied significant systems/materials for a building project (e.g. elevator suppliers, facade suppliers, etc).
Cladding
Electrical
Elevator
Façade Maintenance Equipment
Formwork
Sealants
Steel
You must be a CTBUH Member to view this resource.
Owner
Gazprom
Developer
Joint Stock Company Gazpromneft Eastern European Projects
Architect
Concept
Design
Usually involved in the front end design, with a "typical" condition being that of a leadership role through either Schematic Design or Design Development, and then a monitoring role through the CD and CA phases.
Gorproject; Samsung C&T Corporation
Structural Engineer
Design
The Design Engineer is usually involved in the front end design, typically taking the leadership role in the Schematic Design and Design Development, and then a monitoring role through the CD and CA phases.
Gorproject; Inforceproject
Peer Review
The Peer Review Engineer traditionally comments on the information produced by another party, and to render second opinions, but not to initiate what the design looks like from the start.
MEP Engineer
Design
The Design Engineer is usually involved in the front end design, typically taking the leadership role in the Schematic Design and Design Development, and then a monitoring role through the CD and CA phases.
Setec Bâtiment; Samsung C&T Corporation
Peer Review
The Peer Review Engineer traditionally comments on the information produced by another party, and to render second opinions, but not to initiate what the design looks like from the start.
Project Manager
The CTBUH lists a project manager when a specific firm has been commissioned to oversee this aspect of a tall building’s design/construction. When the project management efforts are handled by the developer, main contract, or architect, this field will be omitted.
The CTBUH lists a project manager when a specific firm has been commissioned to oversee this aspect of a tall building’s design/construction. When the project management efforts are handled by the developer, main contract, or architect, this field will be omitted.
Contractor
Main Contractor
The main contractor is the supervisory contractor of all construction work on a project, management of sub-contractors and vendors, etc. May be referred to as "Construction Manager," however, for consistency CTBUH uses the term "Main Contractor" exclusively.
Renaissance Construction Company
Other Consultant
Other Consultant refers to other organizations which provided significant consultation services for a building project (e.g. wind consultants, environmental consultants, fire and life safety consultants, etc).
Other Consultant refers to other organizations which provided significant consultation services for a building project (e.g. wind consultants, environmental consultants, fire and life safety consultants, etc).
Acoustics
Threshold Acoustics, LLC; Ultima Pro Group
Building Monitoring
SODIS LAB
Façade
These are firms that consult on the design of a building's façade. May often be referred to as "Cladding," "Envelope," "Exterior Wall," or "Curtain Wall" Consultant, however, for consistency CTBUH uses the term "Façade Consultant" exclusively.
Arup; Priedemann Facade Experts; United Façade Company; Permasteelisa Group
Foundation
Arabtec; BAUER Group; Geostroy
Geotechnical
NIIOSP JSC RCC
Interiors
Fabio Mazzeo Architects; Exclusiva Design
LEED
ALAN Architecture and Project Management; Mİmta EkoYapı
Lighting
Lichtvision; Schuler Shook
Parking
Wohr Parking Systems Pvt. Ltd
Planning
Property Management
Joint Stock Company Gazpromneft Eastern European Projects
Vertical Transportation
Wind
BMT; RWDI
Material Supplier
Material Supplier refers to organizations which supplied significant systems/materials for a building project (e.g. elevator suppliers, facade suppliers, etc).
Material Supplier refers to organizations which supplied significant systems/materials for a building project (e.g. elevator suppliers, facade suppliers, etc).
Cladding
AGC Flat Glass; Saint-Gobain Glass Facade; POHL Group; Waagner Biro; Lindner Group; Hilti AG
Concrete
Beaton; Betomix
Crane
Liebherr
Electrical
Elevator
Façade Maintenance Equipment
Fire Suppression
Marioff Corporation Oy
Formwork
HVAC
ENGIE; FläktGroup Holding GmbH
Plumbing
Puzer-keskuspölynimureita
Sealants
Solar Panels
FAFCO SA
Steel
EVRAZ plc; Mechel; Belenergomash-BZEM LLC; Kurganstalmost; Cimolai; ArcelorMittal
CTBUH Awards & Distinctions
Best Tall Building 400 meters and above 2021 Award of Excellence
2021 CTBUH Awards
Best Tall Building Europe 2021 Award of Excellence
2021 CTBUH Awards
Construction Award 2021 Award of Excellence
2021 CTBUH Awards
CTBUH Initiatives
2019 Tall Building Predictions for the Year to Come
22 January 2019 - CTBUH News
2018 Tall Building Predictions
17 January 2018 - CTBUH News
Research
23 September 2020
The Structural Engineering Design And Construction Of The Tallest Building In Europe Lakhta Center, St. Peters
Ahmad Abdelrazaq, Vladimir Travush, PhD, Alexey Shakhvorostov, PhD, et al., Samsung C&T
The 2020 National Building Code of Canada (NBC) and the 2021 International Building Code (IBC) both include Tall Wood Buildings (TWB) and are hailed as...
Global News
08 July 2019
Plans for 101-Story Apartment Building Revealed in Moscow
The 405-meter One Tower in Moscow is set to become one of the tallest residential buildings in Europe, the deputy mayor of Moscow announced as...
About Lakhta Center
The Lakhta Center constitutes the epicenter of St. Petersburg’s Primorsky District, employing a wide range of public functions alongside transportation infrastructure in an effort to anchor a sustainable economic zone. Originally planned for the historic center of the city, the project – then named Okhta Centre – garnered widespread media attention as stakeholders contended with the various impacts it would have on the image of the city. Ultimately, the tower was moved to its present location, adopting a new name and a fresh context to inform the master planned development. The tower will provide space for offices, as well as several public resources, including a planetarium, medical center, performance hall, and a bank.
The theme of the tower's design is that of a lonely spire in a horizontal landscape, with a unique shape informed by concepts of extrusion, torsion, and tension. The building’s designers sought to create an optimal balance between office and public areas, ultimately conceiving a complete community within the building’s walls. Outside of the building, the plan for the surrounding area incorporates greened and landscaped spaces. An open 2,000-seat amphitheater and green promenade with fountains, paths, and benches are all integrated into the design.
Lakhta Center incorporates a number of innovative energy-saving technologies into its design. A double-glazed façade increases the level of thermal insulation, leading to a reduction in heating and air-conditioning costs. Similarly, the premises will be heated using excess heat generated from working technical equipment. To combat the dual effects of extreme height and a harsh winter, an ice formation control system will be implemented to protect the building’s façade and passers-by below from the dangers of falling ice.
CTBUH Awards & Distinctions
Best Tall Building 400 meters and above 2021 Award of Excellence
2021 CTBUH Awards
Best Tall Building Europe 2021 Award of Excellence
2021 CTBUH Awards
Construction Award 2021 Award of Excellence
2021 CTBUH Awards
Structural Engineering Award 2021 Award of Excellence
2021 CTBUH Awards
Geotechnical Engineering Award 2021 Award of Excellence
2021 CTBUH Awards
Façade Engineering Award 2021 Winner
2021 CTBUH Awards
Research
23 September 2020
The Structural Engineering Design And Construction Of The Tallest Building In Europe Lakhta Center, St. Peters
Ahmad Abdelrazaq, Vladimir Travush, PhD, Alexey Shakhvorostov, PhD, et al., Samsung C&T
The 2020 National Building Code of Canada (NBC) and the 2021 International Building Code (IBC) both include Tall Wood Buildings (TWB) and are hailed as...
20 March 2020
Interactive Study on The Tallest 20 in 2020: Then and Now
CTBUH Research
This research paper undertakes a review of the 2012 report by the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat, “Tallest 20 in 2020: Entering the...
20 March 2020
Tall + Urban Innovation 2020: Dominant Trends
CTBUH Research
Providing a global overview of tall building development, design and construction, the CTBUH Awards Program and related Tall + Urban Innovation Conference annually survey projects,...
26 October 2015
The Challenges of Delivering Iconic Tall Buildings Across the World: A Global Technology Transfer
Ahmad Abdelrazaq, Samsung C&T Corporation
Samsung and the authors’ involvement in these major tall and complex building projects have facilitated the transfer of the technologies and best practices to projects...
16 September 2014
From “O” to “L” Design Challenges, Gazprom Tower
Peyman Askarinejad, Arabtec Construction LLC
Each supertall building project has its own design challenges and difficulties. The experience with Okhta “O” center which became Lakhta “L” center complex project in...
29 April 2011
Debating Tall: Gazprom Tower
Philip Nikandrov, RMJM; Kirill Strakhov, Deputy of Yabloko (Apple) Party/Head of Regional Committee on Historical Heritage of Kalininsky District of St. Petersburg
Ever since the project was first announced in 2005, the proposed 396-meter (1299-foot) tall tower of the Okhta Center has been the subject of fierce...
CTBUH Initiatives
22 January 2019
2019 Tall Building Predictions for the Year to Come
Check out our monthly predictions based on our industry intelligence to see what trends and milestones will shape the industry in the year to come!
17 January 2018
2018 Tall Building Predictions
Check out all of our 2018 Tall Building Predictions, and dive into the full 2017 Tall Building Year in Review data report.
7 September 2017
CTBUH Supports High-Rise Conference at Samara State University
22 speakers discussed the state of high-rise design & construction at this conference, a partner event between the CTBUH and Samara State Technical University.
13 October 2016
Top Company Rankings: The World’s 100 Tallest Buildings
The Council is pleased to announce the Top Company Rankings for numerous disciplines as derived from the list of projects appearing in 100 of the World’s Tallest Buildings.
18 August 2016
Twisting Tall Buildings
CTBUH has released a study that looks at the recent proliferation of twisting towers creating a new generation of iconic buildings throughout the world.
2 September 2011
CTBUH Meeting: Russia
CTBUH Chairman Professor Sang Dae Kim held tall building lectures in Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia and Russia with the dual purpose of promoting CTBUH and the 2011 Seoul Conference.
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